Causes of Cognitive Decline
Degenerative brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's, are a major concern for seniors. To help reduce symptoms and slow cognitive impairment, researchers suggest that medium-intensity walking exercises can have a positive impact by increasing the health of blood vessels in the brain. Studies have shown that exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, has a clear link to brain health, especially for those over 60.
Conditions such as vascular cognitive impairment (VCI), also known as vascular dementia, have been found to improve with regular exercise. A study from the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that participants with VCI who walked for three hours per week for six months had improved reaction times and other signs of improved brain function. Similarly, a study from the University of British Columbia found that physical activity is a practical, economical, and accessible intervention for both the prevention and management of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.
VCI is caused by the same kinds of blood vessel damage seen with heart disease and is the second most common cause of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. When these blood vessels lose strength and degenerate, the brain is unable to receive the necessary nutrients, resulting in cognitive decline.
Reduced blood pressure has also been associated with improved cognitive function. A study divided participants into two groups, with one group performing 1-hour walking classes 3 times a week, while the second group received usual care. Both groups were also provided with information on healthy diet and tips to improve cognitive function. The study found that the group that performed aerobic exercise had a change in brain function closer to healthy brain function after 6 weeks, whereas the second group remained unchanged.
Overall, these studies suggest that exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, is crucial for maintaining vascular strength and cognitive function as we age. It's important for seniors to talk to their doctor about finding a method of aerobic exercise that works for them, whether that be walking, swimming, or another form of exercise.